Though the idea of unseen microorganisms was conjectured for centuries, the development of microscope in the seventeenth century marked the beginning of real scientific interest in these minuscule life forms, which laid the groundwork for the study of microorganisms. Microbiologists have relied on conventional methods such as pure culture, microscopy, and biochemical assays for years to help them isolate, identify, and describe bacteria. These approaches are still employed today to give a thorough understanding of microbial diversity and function. The techniques for pure culture, along with microscopy and biochemical testing, made the isolation, purification, identification, and categorization of microorganisms possible, which in turn enabled Robert Koch to develop his acclaimed Koch’s postulates. The isolation and identification of pure cultures are essential for determining the origin of disease and the development of its remedies.