The surge in the global demand for alternative proteins from traditional sources have created an opportunity for millets as an economical and sustainable plant-based source. Millets are nutritious, climate resilient and are rich in protein, fiber and many minerals that are essential for humans. Millet proteins possess a favorable essential amino acid profile and exhibit good functionality under good processing conditions. Traditional protein extraction techniques are time consuming, labor intensive, have less yield and poor functionality compared to the novel protein extraction techniques. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of millet proteins, detailing both the traditional and novel millet protein extraction techniques, along with their advantages, limitations and challenges. It also gives a brief outlook of the impact of modification techniques on the millet protein functionality, applications of millet protein in plant-based alternatives and future directions in this field. Overall, this chapter highlights the significance of millet proteins as a versatile ingredient for the growing plant-based food sector.