In the 12th month of the 45th year (1566) of the Jiajing period, Zhu Houcong passed away, and his third son, Zhu Zaihou 朱载垕, ascended to the throne. An imperial edict was issued designating the following year as the first year of the Longqing period: “A general amnesty was granted throughout the country, and all improper policies and orders of the previous reign were changed according to the posthumous edicts.” In the fifth month of the first year (1567) of the Longqing period, an edict was issued saying, “Among the recently deceased high officials, some had not received proper posthumous honors; some had received posthumous honors, but their honors were undeserved. Remonstrators and inspectors ask the court for decisions in writing form.” Therefore, Xin Zixiu 辛自修 and Cen Yongbin 岑用宾, Jishi Zhong 给事中 (Imperial Assistants), Wang Haowen 王好问, and Geng Dingxiang 耿定向, Supervisors, and other officials, all praised the master in their memorials, “Wang Yangming, titled Earl of Xinjian, former Minister of War and Left Supervisor-in-chief of the Censorate, had made great contributions and displayed exemplary virtues. He deserved the special recognition and posthumous honors.” The Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Rites altogether convened a meeting, expressing their indignation, “Wang Yangming possessed both literary and martial talents, and had deep knowledge of Confucianism. He had held a number of important positions. Even when he was demoted to the remote place called Longchang for his memorial against [Liu Jin’s] will, the master embraced the punishment readily. While serving in Jiangxi, Yangming led the troops to quell a major rebellion, thus contributing greatly to the safety and stability of the country. His noble character and remarkable achievements had long been highly praised by the public. Considering his official status and his contributions, it would not be appropriate to deprive him of his honors or titles in haste. Upon receiving their memorial, Emperor Longqing issued an edict, conferring the honorific title “Xinjian Hou 新建侯 (Marquis Xinjian)” and the posthumous title “Wencheng 文成 (Cultured and Completed)” to him. The imperial edict reads:On the 17th day of the sixth month following the imperial edict, the court “ordered the officials of the Xingren Si 行人司 (Office for Messengers) to oversee the construction of Wang Yangming’s tomb and its surroundings. Additionally, Provincial Administrator and Assistant Administrator of Zhejiang were assigned to officiate the rituals and offer sacrifices at the seven altars.” In the sixth month of the second year (1568) of the Longqing period, another edict was issued, granting the hereditary title of Earl to Wang Yangming’s son, Wang Zhengyi, along with an annual provision of 1000 stones of grain. In the 12th year (1584) of the Wanli period, Wang Yangming was eventually enshrined in the Confucian Temple.

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A Belated Posthumous Honor and the Significance of Yangming’s Theory

  • Dong Ping

摘要

In the 12th month of the 45th year (1566) of the Jiajing period, Zhu Houcong passed away, and his third son, Zhu Zaihou 朱载垕, ascended to the throne. An imperial edict was issued designating the following year as the first year of the Longqing period: “A general amnesty was granted throughout the country, and all improper policies and orders of the previous reign were changed according to the posthumous edicts.” In the fifth month of the first year (1567) of the Longqing period, an edict was issued saying, “Among the recently deceased high officials, some had not received proper posthumous honors; some had received posthumous honors, but their honors were undeserved. Remonstrators and inspectors ask the court for decisions in writing form.” Therefore, Xin Zixiu 辛自修 and Cen Yongbin 岑用宾, Jishi Zhong 给事中 (Imperial Assistants), Wang Haowen 王好问, and Geng Dingxiang 耿定向, Supervisors, and other officials, all praised the master in their memorials, “Wang Yangming, titled Earl of Xinjian, former Minister of War and Left Supervisor-in-chief of the Censorate, had made great contributions and displayed exemplary virtues. He deserved the special recognition and posthumous honors.” The Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Rites altogether convened a meeting, expressing their indignation, “Wang Yangming possessed both literary and martial talents, and had deep knowledge of Confucianism. He had held a number of important positions. Even when he was demoted to the remote place called Longchang for his memorial against [Liu Jin’s] will, the master embraced the punishment readily. While serving in Jiangxi, Yangming led the troops to quell a major rebellion, thus contributing greatly to the safety and stability of the country. His noble character and remarkable achievements had long been highly praised by the public. Considering his official status and his contributions, it would not be appropriate to deprive him of his honors or titles in haste. Upon receiving their memorial, Emperor Longqing issued an edict, conferring the honorific title “Xinjian Hou 新建侯 (Marquis Xinjian)” and the posthumous title “Wencheng 文成 (Cultured and Completed)” to him. The imperial edict reads:On the 17th day of the sixth month following the imperial edict, the court “ordered the officials of the Xingren Si 行人司 (Office for Messengers) to oversee the construction of Wang Yangming’s tomb and its surroundings. Additionally, Provincial Administrator and Assistant Administrator of Zhejiang were assigned to officiate the rituals and offer sacrifices at the seven altars.” In the sixth month of the second year (1568) of the Longqing period, another edict was issued, granting the hereditary title of Earl to Wang Yangming’s son, Wang Zhengyi, along with an annual provision of 1000 stones of grain. In the 12th year (1584) of the Wanli period, Wang Yangming was eventually enshrined in the Confucian Temple.