Algae are a unicellular to multicellular photosynthetic organisms, have extensive interest for their pharmaceutical applications due to the abundance of bioactive compounds they contain, such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and antimicrobials. This chapter reviews recent advancements in algal harvesting techniques, including centrifugation, flocculation, and membrane filtration, which enhance large-scale production and maximize yield and quality. Algal biomass, containing carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, is a viable raw material for various value-added products, including biofuels, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and nutritional sources. The pharmaceutical applications of algae are vast, with algae-derived compounds showing promise in treating chronic diseases. Algal polysaccharides and proteins are also explored for drug delivery systems, increasing the stability and bio-availability of therapeutic agents. This chapter delivers a comprehensive overview of algal harvesting techniques and their implications for pharmaceutical innovation, highlighting algae’s potential as a sustainable and versatile resource for developing cutting-edge pharmaceutical products and future healthcare advancements.