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This chapter argues that achieving “vaccine sovereignty” in low-income countries demands a platform-specific approach that accounts for the unique scientific, regulatory, economic, and intellectual property (IP) features of different vaccine technologies. Through comparative analysis of live attenuated, recombinant viral vector, and mRNA platforms, the chapter explores how IP regimes, patent thickets, trade secrets, technology transfer obstacles, and market dynamics influence local production viability in resource-constrained contexts. Traditional platforms like live attenuated vaccines present minimal IP barriers but face economic and capacity hurdles, whereas newer platforms (viral vectors and mRNA) are IP intensive yet enable technological leapfrogging, as evidenced by initiatives such as the WHO mRNA Technology Transfer Hub. The chapter offers nuanced, evidence-based policy recommendations for low-income countries, regional bodies, and global partners to better align technology selection, IP flexibilities (e.g., compulsory licensing, waivers), market creation, and capacity building for sustainable vaccine manufacturing and health equity.

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Vaccine Technology Platforms, Market Structures, Intellectual Property Regimes, and Local Production

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Tolulope A. Adekola

摘要

This chapter argues that achieving “vaccine sovereignty” in low-income countries demands a platform-specific approach that accounts for the unique scientific, regulatory, economic, and intellectual property (IP) features of different vaccine technologies. Through comparative analysis of live attenuated, recombinant viral vector, and mRNA platforms, the chapter explores how IP regimes, patent thickets, trade secrets, technology transfer obstacles, and market dynamics influence local production viability in resource-constrained contexts. Traditional platforms like live attenuated vaccines present minimal IP barriers but face economic and capacity hurdles, whereas newer platforms (viral vectors and mRNA) are IP intensive yet enable technological leapfrogging, as evidenced by initiatives such as the WHO mRNA Technology Transfer Hub. The chapter offers nuanced, evidence-based policy recommendations for low-income countries, regional bodies, and global partners to better align technology selection, IP flexibilities (e.g., compulsory licensing, waivers), market creation, and capacity building for sustainable vaccine manufacturing and health equity.