Access to vaccines remains a critical challenge in Africa, particularly due to the continent’s over reliance on imported products. This chapter focuses on major vaccine manufacturing and pooled procurement initiatives across Africa, aiming to map these efforts and evaluate their potential in enhancing vaccine accessibility and local production capabilities. The mapping seeks to highlight the critical mandates and roles these initiatives play while emphasizing the need for alignment across the continent. The first section of the chapter examines local vaccine manufacturing initiatives, which have gained renewed attention in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the importance of building self-sufficiency in vaccine production. The second section focuses on pooled procurement initiatives, a recent continental phenomenon led by the African Centre for Disease Control (AfCDC), designed to strengthen collective purchasing power and ensure equitable access to vaccines. By examining manufacturing and pooled procurement efforts, this chapter aims to provide insights into the regulatory framework of Africa’s vaccine landscape.