A literature review and the construction of an analytical framework are essential prerequisites and foundations for academic research. This chapter first systematically reviews a body of literature on cropland abandonment, engaging in academic dialogue with existing research to identify and clarify the marginal contributions of this study. On this basis, it further constructs the analytical framework for the entire research using the “People-Land-Money-Rights” as the analytical clue, thereby providing directional guidance for the advancement of subsequent research. Results show that while existing literature has extensively explored the conceptual connotation, driving factors, impact effects, and governance strategies associated with the phenomenon of empirically examine the drivers of cropland abandonment and corresponding governance measures from a “People-Land-Money-Rights” perspective.