Middle Powers occupy an important yet often ambiguous position within international relations and public diplomacy scholarship. This chapter explores the defining characteristics commonly with middle powers, including multilateralism, coalition-building, and commitment to rule-based international engagement, and assesses how these traits influence diplomatic behaviour. The analysis develops along two interconnected dimensions. First, it examines what mainstream public diplomacy literature reveals about middle power behaviour, asking whether middle powers employ public diplomacy differently from great powers or small powers and whether their strategies reflect a distinctive diplomatic identity. Second, it investigates how middle powers conduct public diplomacy in practice through comparative examples drawn from countries such as Canada, South Korea, and Australia. These cases illustrate how cultural diplomacy, educational initiatives, and national branding are frequently used to compensate for limited hard power resources. Collectively, the discussion demonstrates that middle powers often rely on sophisticated, narrative-driven public diplomacy strategies to expand influence, strengthen partnerships, and advance foreign policy objectives beyond their material capabilities.