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Hydrogen offers a promising pathway to decarbonize transport, industry, and space heating while providing energy storage for intermittent renewable sources. This chapter evaluates the future engineering potential of hydrogen and identifies research priorities for reducing economic barriers to its adoption. Using top-level system models based on end-use energy demands, four case studies are examined, covering global energy systems, climate–economy impacts, hydrogen-based transportation in the United States, and space heating in the United Kingdom. The results indicate substantial potential for hydrogen deployment, with possible contributions of about 3% to global energy demand by 2050, reduced rejected energy in US transport, and cost-effective decarbonization of heating in the UK. However, uncertainties related to nuclear power phase-out and the high costs associated with current hydrogen technologies remain significant challenges for a large-scale transition.

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Evaluating Hydrogen Penetration Scenarios in Future Energy Systems: Insights from Case Studies

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Mohammad Yaseen Mir,
  • Javid Ahmad Parray,
  • Sumanta Bhattacharya

摘要

Hydrogen offers a promising pathway to decarbonize transport, industry, and space heating while providing energy storage for intermittent renewable sources. This chapter evaluates the future engineering potential of hydrogen and identifies research priorities for reducing economic barriers to its adoption. Using top-level system models based on end-use energy demands, four case studies are examined, covering global energy systems, climate–economy impacts, hydrogen-based transportation in the United States, and space heating in the United Kingdom. The results indicate substantial potential for hydrogen deployment, with possible contributions of about 3% to global energy demand by 2050, reduced rejected energy in US transport, and cost-effective decarbonization of heating in the UK. However, uncertainties related to nuclear power phase-out and the high costs associated with current hydrogen technologies remain significant challenges for a large-scale transition.