Hunan Province is at the forefront among all provinces in China in terms of the efforts and effectiveness of poverty alleviation relocation and its follow-up support work, providing quite a few typical cases. In the decisive year of winning the battle against poverty, the follow-up support has become a key policy issue, ensuring that the relocated people could settle down and achieve prosperity after smooth relocation. In August 2020, a research team from Renmin University of China visited Hunan Province to conduct discussions with relevant officials about the status of poverty alleviation relocation, the implementation of resettlement work as well as follow-up employment, industries, and community management. They selected Pingjiang County and Mayang Miao Autonomous County as typical research cases and conducted interviews with officials from the county committees and relevant departments to gather information about the processes of poverty alleviation relocation and resettlement as well as the follow-up support efforts. They also conducted in-depth interviews with rural households to understand the situation better. Based on the research data, the database of registered impoverished households and the content of interviews, a summary and analysis were made on the basic overview of poverty alleviation relocation in Hunan Province as well as the fundamental practices, effectiveness, characteristics, and typical cases of the follow-up relocation support policies.