To solve the problem of unreliable Application Specific Message (ASM) transmission in dynamic maritime environments, this paper proposes a multi-factor AIS shore-based base station selection algorithm for ASM transmission success rate. Our approach replaces conventional static, single-metric base station selection with an intelligent, context-aware decision-making model. For vessels in multi-station coverage areas, we developed a novel four-dimensional evaluation model that scores candidate stations based on real-time physical distance, RSSI, vessel trajectory prediction, and VDL link load. The model’s weighting factors are adaptive to the vessel’s navigational environment, ensuring the selection of the optimal transmission node. MATLAB simulations validate that this algorithm delivers the highest ASM transmission success rate and a more optimal utilization of VDL resources compared to existing methods. This intelligent multi-factor routing provides a solid foundation and a practical pathway for significantly boosting the reliability of critical maritime information delivery.