Energy consumption is crucial for socioeconomic development and human well-being. Consumption of fossil fuels caused environmental imbalances and global change. The EU is promoting a circular economy and renewable energy sources (RESs) to eliminate fossil fuel reliance and move toward climate neutrality. This transition requires government, corporate, and individual involvement. Renewable energy is now acknowledged as a key component in climate change mitigation (Kaloudas et al. 2021). Indeed, the widespread use of bioenergy and RES is garnering more attention in various countries and regions of the world. This is because fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum are becoming more expensive, and supplies are running out. The topographical, climatic, and economic circumstances of a particular nation or area will determine the growth rate of individual RES. Governments worldwide are promoting RESs such as biomass, wind, solar, and hydropower to meet global energy demands, reduce fossil fuel use, and lower CO2 emissions (Osorio et al. 2021).