In the development of contemporary urban housing, balconies, as an essential transitional space connecting indoor and outdoor, have not been fully recognized and systematically developed. Due to the widespread cognitive limitations of use and the lack of design specifications, many residential balconies are trapped in the dilemma of single function and idle space, wasting precious architectural space resources. In response to this situation, this study focuses on establishing a scientific and systematic balcony design evaluation system, with aesthetic value as the leading evaluation factor and emotional perspective as the auxiliary factor. A research path combining theoretical construction with practical verification provides methodological guidance for the optimal design of residential balconies. The study uses the KJ method to sort out the needs for balconies in depth. It uses the AHP hierarchical analysis method to construct an evaluation model with multiple dimensions, including formal aesthetics, material texture, and cultural aesthetics. It also introduces experience indicators such as ecological, interactive, and artistic emotions to form a composite evaluation framework that considers objective standards and subjective feelings. This research result provides a reference for ordinary residents to renovate their balconies. It establishes an innovative direction for professional designers, which has positive practical significance for improving urban living quality and space utilization efficiency.