The nanometric materials are gaining strategic importance in precision agriculture, offering new pathways for enhanced crop productivity and sustainable farming practices. This chapter examines the functional roles of metallic nanoparticles such as Cu, Zn, and Se, alongside non-metallic polymeric nanomaterials, in influencing nutrient assimilation, plant growth dynamics, weed control, and pest management. Impacts of nanotechnology on soil and plant health, seed quality, genetic expression, and post-harvest performance are evaluated alongside emerging smart resource management interventions driven by nanotechnology. Advances in nano-enabled irrigation and monitoring frameworks are reviewed, with particular attention to sensor-based decision support, yield improvements, and resource efficiency. Potential risks associated with toxicity, environmental transport, and bioaccumulation of nanomaterials are critically analyzed to align innovation with safety. The discussion briefly extends to market prospects, public perception, and regulatory challenges influencing nanotechnology adoption in agriculture. The implications of this study aim to provide foresight to farmers, decision-makers, and NGOs in shaping environmentally responsible and socially acceptable sustainable nanotech-based agriculture interventions in South Asia.