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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously produced, small ribonucleotides that switch off gene expression to regulate the typical development and response to stress in plants. Artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) are synthetic molecules bioengineered in the laboratory for “turning off” gene expression. These can be used for functional genomics to understand the biological role of specific genes, as well as for improving specific plant traits like enhancing resistance to pathogens and pests. This chapter starts with a basic understanding of the plant miRNA biogenesis pathway in light of recent developments and discusses the role of miRNAs in protecting plants from pathogens. It then provides a comprehensive update on the engineering and processing of amiRNAs and their potential application in protecting crops from the attack of pests and pathogens. The challenges in incorporating amiRNAs as endogenous cellular components for employing the miRNA biogenesis pathways to reprogram synthetic circuits are also discussed.

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Engineering Artificial miRNAs to Prime Defense Responses Against Plant Pests and Pathogens

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Tilahun Rabuma,
  • Neeti Sanan-Mishra

摘要

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously produced, small ribonucleotides that switch off gene expression to regulate the typical development and response to stress in plants. Artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) are synthetic molecules bioengineered in the laboratory for “turning off” gene expression. These can be used for functional genomics to understand the biological role of specific genes, as well as for improving specific plant traits like enhancing resistance to pathogens and pests. This chapter starts with a basic understanding of the plant miRNA biogenesis pathway in light of recent developments and discusses the role of miRNAs in protecting plants from pathogens. It then provides a comprehensive update on the engineering and processing of amiRNAs and their potential application in protecting crops from the attack of pests and pathogens. The challenges in incorporating amiRNAs as endogenous cellular components for employing the miRNA biogenesis pathways to reprogram synthetic circuits are also discussed.