An alarming rate of growing urbanization and industrialization have exposed plants to a variety of environmental challenges, such as drought, salinity, heavy metal (HMs) buildup, and extreme temperatures. These stressors interfere with the plants’ metabolic processes, nutrient uptake, and essential functions, which further have negative implications on plants’ development and productivity. Hence, many studies are being done to find long-lasting and affordable methods to mitigate these negative implications. This chapter particularly explores on how sulfur (S) supplementation would reduce the HMs uptake and accumulation in plants. It also highlights the critical role of S in reducing HMs-induced toxicity in plants. SuIfur is an essential macronutrient for all living beings, including plants. Sulfur is required for the synthesis of amino acids, coenzymes, and vitamins and for regulating the defense system in plants. This chapter further highlights the key role of sulfur (S) supplementation in reducing the toxicity and buildup of heavy metals in plants. Sulfur supplementation increases plant productivity and also shields plants from abiotic stresses by enhancing the production of metal chelating compounds such as glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs). Therefore, sulfur can itself act as a direct antioxidant by participating in redox reactions. And parallelly it also regulates the plants’ antioxidant défense system. This way, it helps plants under multiple stresses. This chapter specifically addresses how S contributes to increased formation of phytochelatins (PCs) and glutathione (GSH), two essential antioxidants required for heavy metal detoxification. Several field studies on maize and rice paddy have been done. They demonstrate the effectiveness of S amendment strategies, mitigating the HM uptake by plants. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide recent evidence and a thorough overview of such research studies, emphasizing sulfur’s ability to reduce abiotic stresses and how it can act as a potential tool in sustainable farming.

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Role of Sulfur Supplements in Minimizing Heavy Metal Toxicity and Accumulation in Crop Plants

  • Meghna Jaiswal,
  • Rajveer Singh Chauhan,
  • Sudhakar Srivastava

摘要

An alarming rate of growing urbanization and industrialization have exposed plants to a variety of environmental challenges, such as drought, salinity, heavy metal (HMs) buildup, and extreme temperatures. These stressors interfere with the plants’ metabolic processes, nutrient uptake, and essential functions, which further have negative implications on plants’ development and productivity. Hence, many studies are being done to find long-lasting and affordable methods to mitigate these negative implications. This chapter particularly explores on how sulfur (S) supplementation would reduce the HMs uptake and accumulation in plants. It also highlights the critical role of S in reducing HMs-induced toxicity in plants. SuIfur is an essential macronutrient for all living beings, including plants. Sulfur is required for the synthesis of amino acids, coenzymes, and vitamins and for regulating the defense system in plants. This chapter further highlights the key role of sulfur (S) supplementation in reducing the toxicity and buildup of heavy metals in plants. Sulfur supplementation increases plant productivity and also shields plants from abiotic stresses by enhancing the production of metal chelating compounds such as glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs). Therefore, sulfur can itself act as a direct antioxidant by participating in redox reactions. And parallelly it also regulates the plants’ antioxidant défense system. This way, it helps plants under multiple stresses. This chapter specifically addresses how S contributes to increased formation of phytochelatins (PCs) and glutathione (GSH), two essential antioxidants required for heavy metal detoxification. Several field studies on maize and rice paddy have been done. They demonstrate the effectiveness of S amendment strategies, mitigating the HM uptake by plants. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide recent evidence and a thorough overview of such research studies, emphasizing sulfur’s ability to reduce abiotic stresses and how it can act as a potential tool in sustainable farming.