Amidst the global challenge of climate change, the concerns of achieving sustainable development, equitable access to resources, and ethical market economies are unprecedented issues of the present world. The problem of scarcity of resources in economics is addressed adequately by the Gandhian notion of Economics that perceives a peaceful, non-violent economy with equitable distribution of wealth. The Gandhian philosophical approach was not only limited to the concerns of limited means of production but was also equally conscious of ecological harmony. The persistently omitted link between the economy and the environment is significantly unfolded by Gandhian thought. The paper attempts to develop the relationship between ecological sustainability and social theory encompassing ethnicity, modernity, and civilization based on the Gandhian ideology of ethics and morality. The Gandhian notion of continuity of life, based on non-violence and absolute love, is analogous to Cradle to Cradle, a sustainability concept. The climate and disaster-resilient communities can be visualized by the natural support system. In addition, the concept of Sarvodaya, the progress of all based on equality and liberty, and the trusteeship model, a common welfare concept based on non-possession, ensure a peaceful, non-violent economy. The paper demonstrates how the Rawlsian social welfare function and Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem are systematically addressed by the Gandhian notion of ecology and social system. The paper depicts how the Gandhian self-upliftment, respect, and empathy for all human and non-human entities existing in nature contradict modernity as a social theory and render an ecologically sustainable socio-technical transformation. A decentralized, self-sufficient, and consensus-based democratic social system considering individuals at the centre will ensure environmental and ecological sustainability.