Pseudocereals such as amaranth, buckwheat, chia, and quinoa are increasingly recognized as climate-resilient and nutritionally rich crops with rising global market demand. India represents a significant centre of plant diversity, with landraces and wild relatives that provide important genetic resources for crop improvement. Pseudocereals also exhibit resilience to diverse environmental conditions, making them promising candidates for climate-resilient agriculture. However, heat stress (HS) remains a major problem affecting plant growth, reproductive development, yield, and grain nutrient quality. The rise in temperatures disrupts protein structure, impairs membrane integrity, generates reactive oxygen species, and causes hormonal imbalances, which lead to reduced pollen viability, seed set, and grain filling. This chapter first outlines the global production, yield, and market status of major pseudocereals, highlighting their growing economic relevance in diverse agro-ecological zones. Despite their nutritional promise, pseudocereals are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses, with HS posing a major challenge under global climate change. The chapter reviews molecular and physiological responses to HS in pseudocereals, emphasizing key signalling pathways involving reactive oxygen species, calcium, and phytohormones, as well as the role of transcription factors such as HSFs, HSPs, and TCPs. Advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have accelerated the discovery of candidate genes and regulatory networks associated with thermotolerance. Furthermore, the chapter highlights that modern approaches provide promising avenues for developing heat-resilient pseudocereal cultivars. Together, these insights underscore the dual importance of pseudocereals as future-ready crops for global food and nutritional security and the urgent need for integrating molecular tools with breeding to ensure their sustainability under rising temperatures.