Reconfigurable Unmanned Ground Vehicles (RUGVs) can flexibly combine into multi-axle configurations such as 4 × 4, 6× 6, 8× 8, etc. via docking mechanisms, thereby significantly enhancing their adaptability and load-carrying capacity for diverse payloads. The quality of axle load distribution directly affects the power performance, terrain negotiability, and handling stability of the reconfigured multi-module vehicle. Moreover, the axle load distribution has a significant impact on the structural stresses at docking junctions between modules. Different from two-axle vehicles, the axle load calculation of the reconfigurable multi-module vehicle is a complex mechanically hyper static problem, and the varying combinations of modules further increase the difficulty of axle load distribution. In this paper, we have developed a comprehensive calculation model to determine the axle loads and docking junction forces for reconfigurable multi-module vehicles, accommodating any number of modules and various load conditions. Then, the effects of each module suspension stiffness on axle load distribution and docking junction forces have been analyzed. Finally, three axle load distribution methods (Uniform Axle-Load Distribution, Equal-Frequency Load Distribution and Minimum Bending Moment Distribution) were comprehensively employed to optimize the axle loads of the multi-module vehicle, which provides theoretical and technical guidance for axle load calculation and distribution in reconfigurable multi-module unmanned ground vehicles.