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This paper investigates the temperature distribution characteristic of a 100 kV/5kA vacuum interrupter, including the influence of contact resistance and steel core radius. The simulation results were validated by the current flow experiments subsequently. Steady-state simulations under 5 kA current reveal that increasing contact resistance from 1.6 μΩ to 21.6 μΩ leads to a linear rise in loss power (average + 169 W per 10 μΩ) and temperature (average + 20 °C per 10 μΩ), highlighting the critical need to minimize contact resistance through optimized pressure and surface smoothness. Adjusting the steel core radius from 12 mm to 16 mm shows minimal impact on loss power (average + 6.5 W per 2 mm) but affects heat conduction: smaller radius enhance thermal efficiency due to higher copper volume, though mechanical strength during breaking must be balanced. A 100 kV/5kA vacuum switch prototype tested under 5 kA confirms that the interrupter body’s maximum temperature (38.2 °C at upper contact fingers) meets the ≤45 °C design requirement.

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Research on Temperature Characteristics of 5kA Vacuum Interrupter

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Zhe Yuan,
  • Chong Gao,
  • Sheng Zhang,
  • Yuan Liu,
  • Wandi Zhou,
  • Min Ding,
  • Kai Gao,
  • Pei Cao

摘要

This paper investigates the temperature distribution characteristic of a 100 kV/5kA vacuum interrupter, including the influence of contact resistance and steel core radius. The simulation results were validated by the current flow experiments subsequently. Steady-state simulations under 5 kA current reveal that increasing contact resistance from 1.6 μΩ to 21.6 μΩ leads to a linear rise in loss power (average + 169 W per 10 μΩ) and temperature (average + 20 °C per 10 μΩ), highlighting the critical need to minimize contact resistance through optimized pressure and surface smoothness. Adjusting the steel core radius from 12 mm to 16 mm shows minimal impact on loss power (average + 6.5 W per 2 mm) but affects heat conduction: smaller radius enhance thermal efficiency due to higher copper volume, though mechanical strength during breaking must be balanced. A 100 kV/5kA vacuum switch prototype tested under 5 kA confirms that the interrupter body’s maximum temperature (38.2 °C at upper contact fingers) meets the ≤45 °C design requirement.