In recent years, the deep integration of information technology with global supply chains has fostered a new paradigm of asymmetric warfare. This paper introduces the novel concept of “Modular Specialized Drone-Enabled Guerrilla Warfare” (MSDGW) to analyze the low-cost, high-frequency, and difficult-to-trace composite security threats arising from the convergence of drones, guerrilla tactics, and global supply chains. Employing a comparative multi-case study, the research systematically elucidates the tactical characteristics and operational mechanisms of MSDGW, empirically examining its dual disruptive effects on both strategic stability and supply chain security. Furthermore, the paper develops a three-dimensional “technology-geopolitics-psychology” framework to argue that MSDGW has a subversive impact: on a military-technical level, it diminishes the effectiveness of traditional air defense systems; on a geopolitical level, it dilutes the credibility of nuclear deterrence; and in the cognitive domain, it exacerbates socio-psychological vulnerabilities. Finally, drawing upon a contemporary adaptation of Mao Zedong’s “People’s War” doctrine, the paper proposes a strategy of technology-enabled national mobilization and decentralized deployment to shift the point of threat interception forward. The study concludes that a comprehensive, end-to-end defense against MSDGW necessitates the integration of supply chain governance, technical countermeasures, and the cultivation of social resilience, thereby offering a theoretical paradigm and policy toolkit for preserving strategic stability in this new security environment.