Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), a nutrient-rich legume, is a critical crop in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Its production is frequently threatened by pests such as bruchids, whiteflies, aphids, and pod borers, resulting in significant yield losses. Conventional breeding for pest resistance has been slow due to the complex genetics of resistance traits, limited genetic diversity, and prolonged breeding cycles. Molecular breeding, leveraging advances in genomics, marker-assisted selection (MAS), genetic engineering, and genome editing, has revolutionized pest resistance breeding in mungbean. This chapter discusses the molecular mechanisms of pest resistance, highlights of advancements in genomics-based breeding strategies, and outlines of future directions to address challenges in pest-resistant mungbean varietal development.