The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s ambitious Vision 2030 initiative aims to revolutionize its economy through technological innovation, with artificial intelligence (AI) playing a pivotal role. This transformation, while promising enhanced efficiency, sustainability, and economic diversification, also introduces significant cybersecurity risks. These include threats to data privacy, potential biases in AI algorithms, and vulnerabilities to cyberattacks. Addressing these challenges is critical for ensuring the secure and ethical deployment of AI technologies. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Saudi Arabia’s legal and regulatory frameworks governing AI adoption and cybersecurity. It explores the strategic roles of the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) and the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) in crafting policies that safeguard against cyber threats while fostering innovation. Additionally, the study examines data protection laws, encryption standards, incident response protocols, and liability frameworks that collectively support a resilient cyber environment. Through a comprehensive review, the paper highlights the importance of robust legal structures, cross-sector collaboration, and proactive cybersecurity measures in realizing the full potential of AI in alignment with Vision 2030’s goals, thus offering insights into balancing technological advancement with security imperatives in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.