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Wastewater from anionic detergents pollutes the environment, emphasizing the importance of developing low-cost, high-efficiency adsorbents for their removal. Water contaminated with anionic detergents is made by dissolving alkyl benzene sulfonate, one of the most often used detergents, in an appropriate volume of distilled water. Vermiculite is coated with positive charges after being activated with a saturated potassium hydroxide solution in a cationic alkaline media. Zeta potential technique has been studied in order to maximise detergent removal efficiency by utilising the features of vermiculite. The zeta potential (zp) of vermiculite clay varies with its type, mineral makeup, and, most critically, treatment procedure. Zeta potential tests have revealed that vermiculite has a positive charge when treated with 2 M calcium hydroxide at all pH levels, making it appropriate for eliminating negatively charged detergent molecules. Clay was further enhanced by treating alkali vermiculite with a stabiliser containing sodium dodecyl sulphate, a surfactant, which increased pore volume and surface area. Alkali vermiculite treated with 20% stabiliser has a greater detergent removal efficiency (98.6%) than alkali vermiculite (65%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements were used to show how the stabiliser affected the pore volume and surface area of the clay. 20% sodium dodecyl sulphate was discovered to be the most effective solution for creating clay with increased surface area, pore volume, and efficiency. Batch tests were conducted with sorbent contact times ranging from 1 to 60 min, initial detergent concentrations ranging from 2 to 50 mg/L, clay dosages ranging from 0.01 g to 1 g, and pH ranging from 2 to 11. Sulfonate adsorption increased with increasing contact time, clay weight, and sorbent concentration, but decreased with increasing solution pH. Batch studies were conducted with a contact time of 20 min, vermiculite weight of 0.1 g/L, and pH 4. The adsorption effectiveness (qe) of detergent molecules was 281 mg/g. The Freundlich model of dynamic multilayer chemistry provided the most effective explanation for the elimination trend.

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The Use of Zeta Technology to Modify Vermiculite Clay for the Adsorptive Removal of Anionic Detergent Residues from Wastewater

  • 会议论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Saad Mohamed Elsaid,
  • Ali ben Saleh Albarak

摘要

Wastewater from anionic detergents pollutes the environment, emphasizing the importance of developing low-cost, high-efficiency adsorbents for their removal. Water contaminated with anionic detergents is made by dissolving alkyl benzene sulfonate, one of the most often used detergents, in an appropriate volume of distilled water. Vermiculite is coated with positive charges after being activated with a saturated potassium hydroxide solution in a cationic alkaline media. Zeta potential technique has been studied in order to maximise detergent removal efficiency by utilising the features of vermiculite. The zeta potential (zp) of vermiculite clay varies with its type, mineral makeup, and, most critically, treatment procedure. Zeta potential tests have revealed that vermiculite has a positive charge when treated with 2 M calcium hydroxide at all pH levels, making it appropriate for eliminating negatively charged detergent molecules. Clay was further enhanced by treating alkali vermiculite with a stabiliser containing sodium dodecyl sulphate, a surfactant, which increased pore volume and surface area. Alkali vermiculite treated with 20% stabiliser has a greater detergent removal efficiency (98.6%) than alkali vermiculite (65%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements were used to show how the stabiliser affected the pore volume and surface area of the clay. 20% sodium dodecyl sulphate was discovered to be the most effective solution for creating clay with increased surface area, pore volume, and efficiency. Batch tests were conducted with sorbent contact times ranging from 1 to 60 min, initial detergent concentrations ranging from 2 to 50 mg/L, clay dosages ranging from 0.01 g to 1 g, and pH ranging from 2 to 11. Sulfonate adsorption increased with increasing contact time, clay weight, and sorbent concentration, but decreased with increasing solution pH. Batch studies were conducted with a contact time of 20 min, vermiculite weight of 0.1 g/L, and pH 4. The adsorption effectiveness (qe) of detergent molecules was 281 mg/g. The Freundlich model of dynamic multilayer chemistry provided the most effective explanation for the elimination trend.