This chapter concentrates on exploring theoretical review of China’s participation in global governance. With the deepening of globalization and the emergence of a series of global issues, countries in the world are increasingly connected, and no country can stay out of it. Global governance has become a common issue facing the international community. Under the dual influence of both international and domestic, China has actively participated in the practice of global governance at different stages and put forward a series of global governance concepts based on the excellent traditional Chinese culture and Marxist thought on international relations. Through the in-depth analysis of this stage change, it can be summarized into four stages, namely, the limited participation stage (1949–1978), the prudent participation stage (1978–2001), the deep participation stage (2001–2012) and the innovative participation stage (since 2012). In the prudent participation stage, China emphasizes equality and democracy in international relations based on national sovereignty and security and economic and social development. In the phase of in-depth participation, China has adhered to the path of peaceful development, advocated the building of a harmonious world, and promoted fair and reasonable reform of the global governance mechanism. In the stage of innovative participation, China actively promotes the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, upholds the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, and contributes Chinese wisdom and solutions to the building of a new global governance system.