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With the increasing share of renewable energy, its intermittency and volatility challenge power system frequency regulation. Conventional thermal units, due to their large inertia and slow response, struggle to balance peak shaving and frequency regulation effectively. Energy storage technology, with millisecond response and bidirectional flexibility, offers a new solution for enhancing these capabilities, especially as costs decrease. Focusing on a 1000 MW thermal unit retrofit, this study examines thermal unit modeling, primary frequency regulation strategies using battery-flywheel hybrid storage, and capacity allocation. A primary frequency regulation model is established in MATLAB/SIMULINK. A model predictive control strategy based on frequency separation coordination for performance and economic co-optimization is designed, using multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) for capacity configuration. Results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy and capacity allocation method effectively improve both the technical performance and economic efficiency of primary frequency regulation for thermal units.

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Study on Primary Frequency Modulation Control Strategy and Capacity Configuration of Battery-Flywheel Hybrid Energy Storage Auxiliary Thermal Power Unit

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Lingna Liu,
  • Guogang Zhang,
  • Yongkang Zhang,
  • Hengyu Li,
  • Jie Liu,
  • Chuanqi Lin

摘要

With the increasing share of renewable energy, its intermittency and volatility challenge power system frequency regulation. Conventional thermal units, due to their large inertia and slow response, struggle to balance peak shaving and frequency regulation effectively. Energy storage technology, with millisecond response and bidirectional flexibility, offers a new solution for enhancing these capabilities, especially as costs decrease. Focusing on a 1000 MW thermal unit retrofit, this study examines thermal unit modeling, primary frequency regulation strategies using battery-flywheel hybrid storage, and capacity allocation. A primary frequency regulation model is established in MATLAB/SIMULINK. A model predictive control strategy based on frequency separation coordination for performance and economic co-optimization is designed, using multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) for capacity configuration. Results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy and capacity allocation method effectively improve both the technical performance and economic efficiency of primary frequency regulation for thermal units.