Nonwoody lignin, in contrast to the primarily wood-derived lignin, has recently garnered interest as a sustainable and underutilized feedstock for high-value applications. Nonwoody lignin, while exhibiting certain similarities, is distinctly differentiated from both hardwood and softwood lignin based on its monomer unit composition. Moreover, the extraction of lignin from nonwoody biomass presents a formidable challenge. This chapter examines the extraction techniques of lignin from various forms of non-woody biomass, including areca sheath leaves, empty fruit bunches, sugarcane bagasse, and bamboo. The extraction methods encompass precipitation and isolation through acidic and alkaline processes, with a focus on the yield and properties of the extracted lignin. This chapter also emphasizes the conversion of nonwoody lignin into advanced materials and chemicals. It is noted that the nonwoody lignin can potentially be applied as coatings, adhesives, flame retardants, biosurfactants, bioplastics, and many more. Apart from that, they can also be converted into different aromatic products, including vanillin and phenol, for wider application. Nonwoody lignin exhibits significant potential in various applications for the high-value products derived from its depolymerization. Notwithstanding notable advancements, obstacles persist, such as low yield, elevated costs, incompatibility, and restricted scalability of existing extraction techniques. Nevertheless, nonwoody lignin provides a renewable, economical, and eco-friendly foundation for the advancement of a circular bioeconomy, especially in areas rich in agricultural byproducts.