This chapter develops the book’s original Mandalas of Multialignment (MOM) approach as well as a new Balance of Alignment (BOA) model to describe adjustments in the alignments of Southeast Asia governments across nearly a century, with the model drawing on an international relations theoretical approach known as neoclassical realism. The book describes how the original Mandalas of Multialignment approach can be used to analyze changes in and across the alignment layers of Southeast Asian states and the implications for foreign and security policy spheres including ties with major powers, neighbors and intercontinental partners and actors. It develops new and specific definitions and metrics for alignment and deduces general propositions for the balance of alignment model, which is derived based on neoclassical realism. The chapter also outlines how this new balance of alignment will be tested against the competing approach known as balance of power across the five case studies in the book.