This chapter examines Bangladesh’s political and policy responses to successive waves of Rohingya refugee influx, focusing on governance decisions and their environmental ramifications. By tracing three major phases of displacement—1978, 1991–92, and 2012–17—the chapter analyses how Bangladesh’s refugee policy evolved from initial humanitarian accommodation to a securitised and repatriation-focused approach. It argues that the absence of a comprehensive refugee legal framework and prioritisation of short-term political and security considerations have led to unintended environmental consequences, particularly in Cox’s Bazar. This chapter critically evaluates policies restricting refugees’ freedom of movement, right to work, and local integration, demonstrating how these measures have intensified dependence on natural resources, accelerated deforestation, and exacerbated ecological degradation in environmentally fragile areas. It further explores the role of political narratives, national security discourse, and bilateral repatriation agreements with Myanmar in shaping policy responses that undermine both refugee protection and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. By situating Bangladesh’s approach within the framework of international refugee and human rights law, this chapter highlights the tensions between state sovereignty, humanitarian obligations, and environmental protection. The analysis underscores the necessity of long-term, rights-based, and environmentally informed policy frameworks to address the protracted Rohingya refugee crisis in Bangladesh.