Canadian Women Tourism Social Entrepreneurs and Their Contributions to Advancing Sustainability
摘要
Neoliberal, profit-driven tourism models have prioritized profit over responsibility, exacerbating overtourism and unsustainable practices (Boluk et al. 2017; Sharpley and Telfer 2015). Critical scholars call for change, seeking fairness for destination communities (Dredge, Sheldon and Daniele (eds), Social entrepreneurship and tourism: Philosophy and practice, Springer International Publishing, 2017; Higgins-Desbiolles et al., Journal of Tourism Futures 8:208–219, 2022). Tourism Social Entrepreneurs (TSErs) are an important response linking economic success with social and environmental responsibility (Sheldon, P. J., Pollock, A., & Daniele, R. (2017). Social entrepreneurship and tourism: setting the stage. In Social Entrepreneurship and Tourism (pp. 1–18). Springer, Cham.). As local catalysts, TSErs drive innovation, create social value, and support sustainable outcomes (Mottiar et al., Ann Tour Res 68:77–88, 2018; Solvoll et al., Scand J Hosp Tour 15:120–137, 2015). Research on TSErs is increasing, but gender remains overlooked. Women TSErs play key roles in progressing sustainability but are rarely studied in entrepreneurship and tourism (see Boluk and Aquino 2021; Freund et al. 2024; Higgins-Desbiolles and Monga 2022 as exceptions). The role of women entrepreneurs in progressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is also not well explored (Boluk and Panse, Journal of Tourism Futures 8:352–366, 2022) in the scholarship. To bridge this gap, the following analysis employs ecofeminism as a theoretical framing and a phenomenology methodology (van Manen 1990) to examine how Canadian women TSErs in the food and beverage sector engage with the SDGs. Ecofeminism is rarely used in tourism studies (Yudina and Fennell, Tour Recreat Res 38:55–69, 2013). Linking women and nature, ecofeminist illustrates how feminist values of care align with sustainable tourism (Sturgeon 1999). Drawing on eleven interviews conducted in 2021, this chapter demonstrates how women TSErs encounter barriers, adopt innovative business ideas, and contribute to progressing the SDGs. Accordingly, the chapter highlights women’s voices, builds on the existing social entrepreneurship scholarship, and deepens understandings of gender and tourism sustainability.