The private provision of education in Myanmar has a long history. This chapter examines private education in Myanmar from the lens of performative citizenship. It argues that conventional understandings of private education as a patch for a low-quality public education system cannot sufficiently account for the private education landscape in Myanmar. We contend that private education reflects the complexities of state-society relations and the insecurities and biases of an authoritarian, ethnocratic state that seeks to use its public education to build a (Burmanised) nation out of a fragmented country.