Shifting Modes: Rationalization, Enchantment, and Subjectivation
摘要
This chapter argues that modernity never fully achieved the rationalization it envisioned due to internal contradictions. Instead, rationalization generates new forms of enchantment at scientific, economic, and political levels. The book’s conceptual apparatus can be used to examine how rational, non-rational, and in-between modes relate across social domains. Through examples from laboratory science, gene-technology imaginaries, cathedrals of consumption, gambling, and COVID-19 crisis governance, the chapter demonstrates how institutions mobilize hope and symbolic narratives to make sense of risk and uncertainty. These enchantments succeed—or fail—depending on whether they connect to people’s embodied life-worlds (subjectivation). The framework highlights tensions between abstract, self-referential systems (science, law, policy), and everyday experience, showing how misalignments produce alienation, distrust, or reflexive backlash. By analyzing these dynamics, the chapter clarifies how modes of reasoning complement one another and why managing risk always involves a balance among objectified evidence, imagination, and embodied experience.