Glycoconjugates represented by glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids are deeply involved in various life phenomena. Many glycoconjugates function as ligands in intermolecular and intercellular interactions, so glycan structure analysis (glycomics) is very important in studying the function of biomolecules. Glycomics involves releasing and analyzing the glycan from glycoconjugates, but for O-glycans bound to serine and threonine, there are no enzymes like PNGase F that can comprehensively cleavage N-glycans, so they are released using chemical methods such as alkali β-elimination. Also, O-glycans containing sialic acid have problems such as reduction in sensitivity and sialic acid decomposition in MALDI TOF MS analysis, making them difficult to detect. The sialic acid linkage-specific amidation (SALSA) is a modification method that amidates by molecules with different molecular weights to identify the α2,3- and α2,6- linkages of sialic acid, not only distinguishing the differences in the linkage position of sialic acid by mass difference but also suppressing the decomposition of sialic acid in MALDI TOF MS analysis by derivatization, making it possible to detect in the same way as neutral glycans. The β-elimination with pyrazolone (BEP), which simultaneously performs the cleavage and labeling of O-glycans with pyrazolone under mild basic conditions compared to other β-elimination reactions, so it can prepare glycan derivatives without decomposing the amide group induced by the SALSA method. Furthermore, by the BEP reaction in an open system at high temperature (evaporative BEP method), the reaction can be completed efficiently in a short time, enabling high-throughput measurement of O-glycans.

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O-Glycomics of Glycoproteins

  • Masaki Kurogochi,
  • Jun-ichi Furukawa

摘要

Glycoconjugates represented by glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids are deeply involved in various life phenomena. Many glycoconjugates function as ligands in intermolecular and intercellular interactions, so glycan structure analysis (glycomics) is very important in studying the function of biomolecules. Glycomics involves releasing and analyzing the glycan from glycoconjugates, but for O-glycans bound to serine and threonine, there are no enzymes like PNGase F that can comprehensively cleavage N-glycans, so they are released using chemical methods such as alkali β-elimination. Also, O-glycans containing sialic acid have problems such as reduction in sensitivity and sialic acid decomposition in MALDI TOF MS analysis, making them difficult to detect. The sialic acid linkage-specific amidation (SALSA) is a modification method that amidates by molecules with different molecular weights to identify the α2,3- and α2,6- linkages of sialic acid, not only distinguishing the differences in the linkage position of sialic acid by mass difference but also suppressing the decomposition of sialic acid in MALDI TOF MS analysis by derivatization, making it possible to detect in the same way as neutral glycans. The β-elimination with pyrazolone (BEP), which simultaneously performs the cleavage and labeling of O-glycans with pyrazolone under mild basic conditions compared to other β-elimination reactions, so it can prepare glycan derivatives without decomposing the amide group induced by the SALSA method. Furthermore, by the BEP reaction in an open system at high temperature (evaporative BEP method), the reaction can be completed efficiently in a short time, enabling high-throughput measurement of O-glycans.