Hyaluronan, a major extracellular matrix component in vertebrates, is abundant in the cartilages, skin, vitreous body, synovial fluid, and other tissues, being important for maintaining homeostasis [1]. Reduced production and increased degradation of hyaluronan are among the causes of skin elasticity loss associated with aging and are deeply involved in the progression of pathological conditions (e.g., osteoarthritis). Today, various hyaluronan formulations have been developed and applied to complement hyaluronan production and function in various tissues. Most preparations are highly purified from chicken combs by the “chicken comb extraction method” and are indicated for osteoarthritis as an agent to improve joint function. In addition, high-molecular-weight hyaluronan, highly purified from streptococcal capsular polysaccharides by the “fermentation method,” is indicated for knee joint pain treatment in chronic rheumatoid arthritis. As with such pharmaceuticals, the demand for hyaluronan is expanding in the health food, aesthetic medicine, and skin care/cosmetics markets, reflecting the aging society and growing interest in health and beauty.