The term “photocarcinoma” describes different skin malignancies brought on by extended exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This process, known as photocarcinogenesis, presents a global health concern due to its rising incidence and potential for morbidity. Consequently, there is a need for more precise and effective treatment options, one of which is targeted therapy. Targeted therapies are a specialized treatment option that utilizes drug molecules to specifically target biomolecules within cancer cells that help cancer cells to survive, proliferate, and spread. The efficacy of targeted therapies depends critically on the identification of these biomolecules, also called biomarkers. Developments in molecular biology have revealed important biomarkers linked to the development, course, and outcome of photocarcinogenesis. These include altered signalling pathways (e.g., Hedgehog, MAPK) and genetic alterations (e.g., TP53, PTCH1). These biomarkers not only expand the accuracy of diagnosis but also act as a basis for the advancement of targeted therapies meant to reduce systemic toxicity and increase therapeutic outcomes. This chapter examines current knowledge of photocarcinogenesis-related biomarkers, their function in the pathophysiology of cancer, and the state of molecularly focused therapeutic development. It draws attention to the use of precision medicine techniques in the treatment of photocarcinogenesis and emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research to find new therapeutic targets and enhance the prognosis for those who are affected. Along with the targeted therapies, the chapter also discusses immunotherapy for photocarcinogenesis and the challenges, as well as the future of these therapeutic approaches.