Understanding how plants perceive, respond, and adapt to their dynamic environments is fundamental to addressing the critical challenges of climate change, food security, and sustainable agriculture. Plant-environment interactions involve a complex network of molecular, biochemical, physiological, and ecological processes. Recent technological breakthroughs have revolutionized the study of these interactions, offering unprecedented insights into how plants detect and respond to diverse biotic and abiotic stimuli. Among these advances, metabolomics has emerged as a central and powerful tool, enabling comprehensive profiling of plant metabolites that act as both regulators and indicators of environmental responses. This chapter provides an in-depth overview of state-of-the-art metabolomics platforms, including mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and imaging-based technologies, as well as their integration with other omics, such as high-throughput phenotyping, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Both targeted and untargeted metabolomics methods are explored in the context of understanding complex metabolic networks that enable plants to adapt to environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, nutrient fluctuations, and pathogen attacks. The synergistic use of metabolomics with CRISPR/Cas systems, genome-editing tools, environmental simulation systems, and real-time biosensors is expanding the scope of plant-environment research. Through recent case studies, we demonstrate how these integrative and multidisciplinary approaches are transforming our understanding of plant physiology and ecology, ultimately informing the development of climate-resilient crops and innovative, sustainable agricultural practices.