Several previous research studies have proved the effective phytoremediation mechanisms demonstrated by several submerged macrophytes in absorbing water pollutants using their roots. In this book chapter, we aim to elucidate the phytoremediation mechanisms of two major submerged macrophytes (Vallisneria spiralis and Ceratophyllum demersum) in purifying surface water environments from several inorganic water pollutants based on the findings from previous research studies. Also, we further highlighted some recent advanced treatments that may enhance their phytoremediation capabilities, including the incorporation of maifanite, lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB), biological treatment based on the symbiosis of different organisms, and monitoring systems and machine learning. Overall, these two submerged macrophytes have been identified to be highly capable of removing the inorganic water pollutants from surface water environments by implementing various mechanisms, which reflects their high-water purification or remediation efficiency. Moreover, the combination of the submerged macrophytes with the aforementioned recent advanced treatments may further enhance their phytoremediation efficiency in removing the inorganic pollutants from the surface water environments.