To solve the problems caused by disturbance factors such as the difference of physical characteristics of fertilizer in agricultural quantitative fertilizer applicator, including the blockage, overhead and broken bar of fertilizer dispenser, a structural improvement scheme of resilience-oriented fertilizer dispenser was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the resilient disturbance factors of the fertilizer dispenser of the agricultural quantitative fertilizer applicator were considered, the effects of different characteristics of fertilizer materials and mechanical vibration on fertilizer discharge performance were analyzed. Secondly, the application of biaxial synchronous stirring, worm gear transmission, fertilizer discharge device and the weight structure of fertilizer box enhanced the adaptability of fertilizer discharge device to the disturbance factors such as the fluctuation of fertilizer physical characteristics, and significantly improved the stability and fault tolerance of fertilizer discharge. Through the improvement of design scheme for the fertilizer dispenser, agricultural quantitative fertilizer applicator performs well in the stability of fertilizer discharge and realizes the overall improvement of the resilience level of fertilizer dispenser.