This paper investigates the optimization of the dynamic performance of vehicle suspension systems under different road conditions. Focusing on the dynamic response of vehicles subjected to Class B and Class C road excitations, a detailed analysis of suspension performance is conducted by establishing a dynamic model of a quarter vehicle suspension system. First, road surface excitation models are constructed and the motion differential equations of the suspension system are formulated, with magnetorheological fluid dampers serving as the primary actuating elements. Then, under various road excitations, simulation analyses are performed on three key performance indicators: body acceleration, suspension deflection, and dynamic tire load. Finally, two control strategies, PID control and fuzzy PID control, are implemented and compared through simulation experiments. The results indicate that fuzzy PID control achieves superior performance compared with passive suspension and conventional PID control in reducing body acceleration, limiting suspension deflection, and stabilizing dynamic tire load. The root mean square (RMS) value of body acceleration is reduced by 59.7% and the RMS value of suspension deflection is reduced by 59.4%, while the RMS value of dynamic tire load is reduced by 77.6%. This study provides an important reference for the design and optimization of vehicle suspension systems.