High-performance space antennas with large cable-net reflector structures are recent research hotspots and engineering challenges. The surface precision can be improved by utilizing intelligent components such as macro fiber composite actuators. In this study, an active vibration control scheme for antenna structures with piezoelectric actuators assembled on tension cables is proposed by theoretical and experimental approaches. An integrated reflector-actuator system is established using the finite element method based on piezoelectric constitutive equations and the virtual work principle, and a closed-loop iterative shape control method is proposed considering the influence coefficient matrix model. The scheme implemented an active control method for antenna reflectors in the presence of external disturbances or model errors. It was applied to a large reflector antenna structure with a 30-sided circular peripheral truss. The experimental results indicate that the control scheme, considering the proposed uncertainty, is effective for active vibration control and shape maintenance of large reflector antenna structures.