Medicinal plants have been essential to human health and well-being for ages, forming the basis of traditional medicine and contemporary pharmaceuticals. Over 80% of the global population depends on plant-based medications for basic healthcare, which proves that preserving the genetic diversity of these plants is paramount. The genetic diversity of medicinal plants is critical to their adaptability, resistance, and medical efficacy, allowing them to thrive in a variety of environmental conditions while also producing bioactive chemicals with therapeutic effects. However, this genetic diversity is under tremendous threat from a variety of human-caused and natural sources. Several natural factors that threaten genetic diversity, such as climate change, natural disasters such as wildfires, earthquakes, etc., pests and diseases, habitat destruction, invasive species, genetic drift, natural selection, and geographical isolation, affect the ability of medicinal plants to adapt to environmental changes as well as their disease resistance. Deforestation, overharvesting, agricultural expansion and monoculture, environmental pollution, the introduction of genetically modified plants, several industrial activities, and urbanization can be considered some of the human-influenced factors that threaten genetic diversity. A thorough and sustainable approach is necessary to counteract these threats. In-situ and ex-situ conservation, encouraging sustainable harvesting methods, investing in scientific research on these problems and promoting awareness of the need to preserve genetic diversity, can all help conservation efforts. This initiative will benefit both current and future generations while supporting the preservation of the delicate balance between the natural environment and human health.