This practical chapter focuses on the histological examination of gametes, spermatozoa, and ova through the analysis of photomicrographs or permanent slides of rat/human testis and ovary. Gametes are the fundamental reproductive cells required for sexual reproduction, and their development within the gonads is tightly regulated by hormonal and structural mechanisms. The testis functions as both a gametogenic and an endocrine organ. Histological sections reveal seminiferous tubules (ST) lined with stratified germinal epithelium housing spermatogenic cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa, supporting Sertoli cells, and testosterone-secreting interstitial Leydig cells. The spermatozoon, a motile cell with distinct head, midpiece, and tail regions, is structurally specialized for fertilization. The ovary, by contrast, contains follicles at successive stages of development. These structures reflect the cyclical nature of oogenesis and are influenced by hormonal signals, notably Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone. This exercise trains students to identify and interpret the histoarchitecture of gonadal tissues, recognize stages of gametogenesis, and correlate microscopic features with functional and hormonal processes. Through careful observation, labelled diagramming, and structured recording, learners reinforce theoretical concepts and acquire practical skills in tissue analysis. This foundational understanding is critical not only for academic learning but also for applications in reproductive biology, endocrinology, developmental science, infertility assessment, and reproductive toxicology. By integrating histology with physiological context, the exercise builds competence in evaluating both normal and pathological aspects of reproductive health.