Viral diseases significantly affect agriculture, contributing to a 10–15% reduction in crop yield and negatively impacting sustainability and productivity. Conventional mitigation measures like management of insect vectors, field sanitation, antivirals, quarantine measures, and cross protection often fail in tackling the wide array of plant viruses. Genetic engineering and genome editing are advanced tools that offer reliable solutions; however, they face serious biosafety and ethical apprehensions. In this framework, RNA-based solutions are surfacing as a sustainable, encouraging, and non-GMO alternative for opposing plant viral diseases. In this technique, exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) developed either in vitro or in vivo is introduced into plants to initiate antiviral defence. The dsRNA activates the plant’s RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, a natural immune process by targeting and quelling viral genes, thereby inhibiting virus replication and movement. Successful RNAi-based plant vaccination relies on standardisation of critical parameters such as dsRNA dosage, systemic mobility within the plant, and the selection of appropriate viral target regions. The potential of RNA vaccination in reducing viral load and disease severity under laboratory conditions has been exemplified in cases like chilli leaf curl virus, groundnut bud necrosis virus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus. However, the technology still faces challenges, including the lack of scalable formulation methods, limited stability of dsRNA, low acceptability, and high production costs, which need to be tackled to envisage a commercial-grade RNA biopesticide against plant viruses.