Viruses are among the leading plant pathogens responsible for significant yield and quality losses in global crop production. The continuous expansion of international trade, climate change, and the intensification of agricultural systems have contributed to the emergence and reemergence of viral diseases in vegetable crops. Several newly identified or poorly characterized viruses have gained prominence in recent years due to their rapid spread, high transmission efficiency, and broad host range. This chapter provides a comprehensive and contemporary overview of the global distribution of key emerging plant viruses affecting vegetable crops, focusing on the genera Begomovirus, Blunervirus, Crinivirus, Orthotospovirus, Potexvirus, and Tobamovirus. These viruses have been associated with severe disease outbreaks that compromise plant development, fruit quality, and overall yield, posing a growing threat to food security and agricultural sustainability. Their detection in diverse agroecological zones reflects their adaptability and the increasing vulnerability of crop production systems. Understanding the current distribution patterns, transmission dynamics, and potential vectors of these pathogens is essential for designing integrated surveillance and diagnostic frameworks. By highlighting recent reports and trends in geographical expansion, this chapter aims to inform researchers and plant health authorities of the need to strengthen phytosanitary measures and invest in coordinated international efforts to manage emerging viral threats in vegetable crops.