Acknowledging that this chapter cannot do justice to the concept of friendship in Islamic and Middle Eastern scholarship, nevertheless, an attempt is made to locate some of the connections and influences between cultures of the Medieval Period through English-language literature. References to Sufism, commercial friendship, kinship and different terminologies for friend and friendship also demonstrate the cross-fertilization of ideas between Christian and Islamic scholars. Starting with Asiya bint Majahir, the martyred wife of the Egyptian pharaoh of the Exodus, through to Aishah al Ba’unyah in the fifteenth century, we can see the important role that women play in Islamic philosophy. Friendship with God is a major trope within Muslim philosophy, and female mystics in particular used the language of love, passion and devotion when reflecting on their relationship to the divine. The more ample scholarship available to Western readers on male Islamic philosophers of the Medieval period is then explored, with an emphasis on writings on friendship, from al-Kindi in the ninth century to Rumi in the thirteenth century. A gendered analysis concludes the chapter.