Disinformation and deception have become central instruments of coercion and regional destabilization in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Within this context, digital authoritarianism, hyper-connectivity, and geopolitical rivalries converge to produce distinctive patterns of ‘deceptive coercion.’ Drawing on empirical analyses of millions of social media posts, leaked documents, OSINT, and investigative reporting, this article traces how Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have developed sophisticated digital arsenals; bot networks, troll farms, and dark PR firms, to manipulate narratives, erode adversaries’ legitimacy, and reinforce hegemonic ambitions. Meanwhile, Qatar occupies a paradoxical position: a hyper-connected mediating power that is simultaneously a frequent target of disinformation campaigns, from the 2017–2021 Gulf Crisis to the War on Gaza. These operations reveal how Islamophobia, sectarianism, and algorithmic bias are weaponized within the region’s ‘deception order,’ a fluid assemblage of state, corporate, and transnational actors exploiting global information infrastructures. It is concluded that deception in the Gulf is not simply propaganda, but a hybrid form of coercion that shapes diplomatic alignments, disrupts mediation efforts, and reconfigures regional power through information control in an age of ‘post-post-truth’ politics.

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Disinformation and Deception as a Tool of Regional Destabilization in the GCC: Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates

  • Marc Owen Jones

摘要

Disinformation and deception have become central instruments of coercion and regional destabilization in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Within this context, digital authoritarianism, hyper-connectivity, and geopolitical rivalries converge to produce distinctive patterns of ‘deceptive coercion.’ Drawing on empirical analyses of millions of social media posts, leaked documents, OSINT, and investigative reporting, this article traces how Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have developed sophisticated digital arsenals; bot networks, troll farms, and dark PR firms, to manipulate narratives, erode adversaries’ legitimacy, and reinforce hegemonic ambitions. Meanwhile, Qatar occupies a paradoxical position: a hyper-connected mediating power that is simultaneously a frequent target of disinformation campaigns, from the 2017–2021 Gulf Crisis to the War on Gaza. These operations reveal how Islamophobia, sectarianism, and algorithmic bias are weaponized within the region’s ‘deception order,’ a fluid assemblage of state, corporate, and transnational actors exploiting global information infrastructures. It is concluded that deception in the Gulf is not simply propaganda, but a hybrid form of coercion that shapes diplomatic alignments, disrupts mediation efforts, and reconfigures regional power through information control in an age of ‘post-post-truth’ politics.