Eradicating absolute poverty is not only an effective way to enhance the cohesion of political governance but also a millennium-old dream of the Chinese people. After more than 40 years of rapid development and unremitting efforts since the reform and opening up, China has created a world miracle in its poverty alleviation cause. Since the reform and opening up, according to the existing poverty standard, 770 million rural poor people in China have been lifted out of poverty. Based on the World Bank’s international poverty standard, China’s poverty reduction population accounts for more than 70% of the global during the same period. China achieved the poverty reduction goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule, making significant contributions to the global poverty reduction and human progress. This chapter introduces the A-C theory into the analysis of poverty issues and case studies. From the dimensions of economic institutions and political governance, it further summarizes China’s poverty reduction solutions and experiences, and provides analytical ideas for addressing the long-standing issue of relative poverty in the next step.