The vibration transfer characteristics of ships are an important research topic in structural design, manufacturing, vibration reduction and noise optimization. For the ship multi-body system, this paper divides it into the shaft subsystems and hull subsystems, and uses the multi-body systems transfer matrix method combined with substructure modal synthesis for modeling and achieves model reduction. Through the coordinate transformation of interface nodes, the overall equation of the system is constructed, providing methods for calculating forced responses, vibration velocity and acceleration transfer functions. The transfer characteristics of hull vibration under excitation sources are studied, and the calculated and experimental results are compared to discuss typical spectral peak distribution characteristics.