The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC), 2006, was adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as a significant global achievement in safeguarding the human rights of seafarers. The regulations concerning seafarers’ employment agreements are regarded as the core of the MLC, aiming to ensure decent working and living conditions for seafarers. However, the incorporation of these provisions into the national legal systems of numerous Member States does not fully satisfy the requirements of the MLC, particularly in developing countries with a relatively small number of seafarers, such as Vietnam. Using applied legal research, comparative legal analysis, and descriptive statistical methods, this chapter aims to identify gaps in Vietnam’s legal framework regarding seafarers’ employment agreements, by comparing it with the Seafarers Act of the Republic of Korea and evaluating both against the standards set by the MLC. It further proposes recommendations to address these gaps in Vietnam’s legal system.