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The treatment of wastewater using natural and sustainable approaches, such as constructed wetlands (CWs), has garnered considerable attention in recent years. The field scale CWs systems offer a cost-effective and environment friendly alternative to conventional wastewater treatment systems. This chapter evaluates the performance of four field scale CWs; floating treatment wetlands, constructed floating wetlands, hybrid constructed floating wetlands, and hybrid constructed wetlands to treat municipal wastewater and river water, focusing on nutrient removal efficiency. The results highlight the nutrient removal efficiencies of the hybrid approaches demonstrating superior performance compared to other systems in field. Additionally, hybrid constructed wetlands have shown consistently higher removal efficiencies for key pollutants such as ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The efficiency can be further attributed by the integration of multiple treatment mechanisms, including physical filtration, microbial activity, and plant uptake. However, the nutrient removal efficiency of these systems is influenced by various factors, including the choice of plants, plant density, environmental conditions, substrate materials, and the characteristics of influent wastewater. Additionally, this study found that environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen levels, sunlight availability, hydraulic loading rates, and the quality of incoming wastewater significantly impact system efficiency. This comparative assement underscores the critical role of carefully design and regular operational maintenance of field scale CWs’ design to optimize its performance. Key factors include selecting plant species with high nutrient uptake capacity, optimizing plant density to maximize surface area for treatment, and using substrates that enhance microbial activity. In conclusion, hybrid constructed wetlands demonstrate superior nutrient removal efficiency, making them a promising sustainable solution for municipal wastewater and river water treatment.

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Performance Assessment of Field-Scale Constructed Wetland: A Case Study

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ajit Kumar,
  • Kartik Jadav,
  • Ashish Koradia,
  • Basant Yadav

摘要

The treatment of wastewater using natural and sustainable approaches, such as constructed wetlands (CWs), has garnered considerable attention in recent years. The field scale CWs systems offer a cost-effective and environment friendly alternative to conventional wastewater treatment systems. This chapter evaluates the performance of four field scale CWs; floating treatment wetlands, constructed floating wetlands, hybrid constructed floating wetlands, and hybrid constructed wetlands to treat municipal wastewater and river water, focusing on nutrient removal efficiency. The results highlight the nutrient removal efficiencies of the hybrid approaches demonstrating superior performance compared to other systems in field. Additionally, hybrid constructed wetlands have shown consistently higher removal efficiencies for key pollutants such as ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The efficiency can be further attributed by the integration of multiple treatment mechanisms, including physical filtration, microbial activity, and plant uptake. However, the nutrient removal efficiency of these systems is influenced by various factors, including the choice of plants, plant density, environmental conditions, substrate materials, and the characteristics of influent wastewater. Additionally, this study found that environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen levels, sunlight availability, hydraulic loading rates, and the quality of incoming wastewater significantly impact system efficiency. This comparative assement underscores the critical role of carefully design and regular operational maintenance of field scale CWs’ design to optimize its performance. Key factors include selecting plant species with high nutrient uptake capacity, optimizing plant density to maximize surface area for treatment, and using substrates that enhance microbial activity. In conclusion, hybrid constructed wetlands demonstrate superior nutrient removal efficiency, making them a promising sustainable solution for municipal wastewater and river water treatment.